Method for installing wheel studs

ABSTRACT

The stud replacement kit of the present invention operates by supplying force to the inside portion of a damaged stud and pushing that stud forward and out of the wheel. The kit of the present invention comprises a pressure tool that supplies force to a stud. This pressure tool fit around the wheel, damaged stud, and a spacer that fit between the front of the wheel and the pressure tool. This spacer serves primarily to receiving the stud once removed. In operation, the broken or damaged stud is removed by placing the pressure tool and spacer around the stud to be replaced. A stud screw mechanism in the pressure tool is rotated to cause the tool to apply force to the stud primarily on the backside of the wheel. This force is increased until it overcomes the force that holds the stud in the wheel. At this point, the force of the pressure tool on the stud causes the stud to move in the desired direction for removal.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application is a voluntary divisional application of and claims priority from application Ser. No. 09/294,421, filed on Apr. 19, 1999, the contents of both are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention relates generally to methods and devices used to replace a stud in a wheel, and more particularly, to an improved and simplified device for replacing one or more large studs in a wheel for a vehicle such as a tractor-trailer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Large vehicles such as semi-tractors and trailers, class “A” recreational vehicles, and the like, typically have a pair of wheels on each hub of a support axle, such as a rear axle. The pairs of wheels are provided to support the substantial loads with which the vehicles operate. The wheels are secured to the hub by a plurality of lugs. Each lug typically includes a euclid stud that is affixed to the hub and an inner cap nut threaded onto the stud for securing the inner wheel to the hub. The outer wheel is secured to each lug by a nut.

[0004] When the inner tire of the pair has to be replaced, due a flat or wear, for example, it is often difficult to remove the inner wheel. The difficulty results from the fact that during use, rust and corrosion forms between the two wheels, due to weather and road grime. Particularly, rust and corrosion form between the threaded interfaces of the nut and cap nut and the cap nut and stud. The buildup of corrosion between the nut and cap nut is often greater than the buildup of corrosion between the cap nut and stud. The corrosion formed between the nut and cap nut often virtually freezes these components together.

[0005] A disadvantage of known tools for removing the wheels from the hub, such as pneumatic sockets or punches for example, is that they attempt to remove the nut or cap nut from either the cap nut or stud, prior to removing the corrosion from the threaded interface. As force is applied to the nut from the socket, the corrosion causes the socket to rotate on the nut, before the nut or cap nut can break free from the threaded interface. As the socket rotates on the nut or cap nut, the edges of the nut or cap nut become rounded, thus stripping the component. Drilling or other means must then be used to remove the nut or cap nut, prior to removing the desired wheel.

[0006] A further disadvantage of pneumatic tools is that they are somewhat expensive to purchase and not easily transportable. Use of pneumatic tools at remote locations requires that the user have an impact wrench, as well as an air compressor on their vehicle for operating the impact wrench. It is well known that these devices are substantially expensive.

[0007] Replacement of the stud is commonly accomplished by removing the broken stud by driving it out of the hole in the inner hub or pressing it out, and then driving or pressing a new stud into that hole. To accomplish this replacement, presently maintenance and replacement procedures require the disassembling of the wheel, hub and rotor assembly from the axle. This method at best is very time consuming and requires approximately one to four hours to complete the task of stud removal and replacement. The extended down time of the transportation vehicle quickly becomes very expensive and counter-productive to the transportation industry.

[0008] Another conventional procedure for removing a broken lug involves cutting the lug away. If the lug is broken very near its inner end, removal in this way is often difficult, as there is not enough exposed material to obtain purchase with a gripping tool. In such a case, the mechanic must often resort to use of a chisel or cutting torch which may cause damage to the inner studs and even the wheel hub itself. Further, use of a chisel or torch to cut away the lug requires a substantial amount of mechanic time, which also results in substantial loss of truck travel time.

[0009] One prior art tool incorporates a plate-mounted cutter. The plate has holes, which register with the stud-mounted lugs adjacent the broken nut. The cutting portion of the device registers with the broken nut. The plate is secured in place by tightening nuts against the mounting plate at the adjacent lugs. The cutter is then manually operated through a ratchet tool to sever the flared portion of the lug from the inner stud. One such tool of this type is sold under the designation “Bud Nut Cutter”.

[0010] Another tool for removing broken threaded fasteners is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,913,427. This patent describes a tool for removing broken threaded fasteners which tool has an open-ended gripping member which has a recess with an interior wall having ridges which grip the fastener when driven onto the fastener. The gripping member is fixed at one end of a threaded shaft and extends to the end wall of a sleeve and is attached at the other end to a flat-sided head. A movable nut is threaded to the shaft between the sleeve and the head for removing the gripping member from the broken fastener after it has been loosened.

[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 4,781,082 discloses a broken stud and nut remover. The patent shows a two-piece kit for removal of a damaged wheel lug stud and includes a nut having a splined aperture and a drive-on tool. The drive-on tool has a recess in one end for loosely accepting the nut when the nut is placed in the recess. When the nut is driven on the lug, the interior edges of the nut grip the lug stud so a gripping member attached to the rod end 21 may thereafter twist the nut.

[0012] Thus, while the aforementioned procedures and tool for removing lugs are in some cases effective, they are not effective in all cases and may require excessive time or labor.

[0013] Studs extend from the inner wheels and are adapted to receive lug nuts to hold the outer wheels. Heavy duty transportation vehicles such as large trucks, busses and standard cars and trucks invariably are subjected to wheel stud failures. These stud failures are caused by fatigue due to long term use and in most cases to high stress and strains experienced in every day use. Some failures are caused by routine preventative maintenance procedures. Other times lugs simply break from being pulled too tight or may have stripped threads. In any case, the failed stud must be replaced.

[0014] Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a reliable, convenient tool for quickly removing the remaining portion of a broken lug from wheel studs. There also exists a need for a tool that can remove a nut from a corroded threaded interface with a cap nut, and remove a cap nut from a corroded threaded interface with a euclid stud without causing harm to either the components of the lug or the wheel.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The object of this invention is to provide a means to remove broken studs from a wheel of a transportation vehicle.

[0016] It is another object of this invention is to provide a means to install a new stud in a wheel of a transportation vehicle.

[0017] It is another object of this invention to provide a method that can replace broken studs in a wheel of a transportation vehicle in substantially less time than conventional stud replacement methods and tools.

[0018] It is another object of this invention to provide a kit to replace a stud in a wheel of a transportation vehicle without requiring the disassembling of the wheel.

[0019] It is another object of this invention to provide a kit to replace a stud in a wheel of a transportation vehicle that is adaptable to multiple transportation vehicles.

[0020] This invention pertains to devices for the installation of replacement studs in the inner hub of a dual wheel unit. Such dual wheel units are common on buses, heavier trucks and trailers and are also used on some recreational vehicles such as motor homes and off-road equipment. With this present invention, it is possible to accomplish the replacement of the broken stud without requiring the removal of the inner hub and its bearing and seal. The tool is convenient to use in any place where either hydraulic or pneumatic power is available. The tool is relatively small and convenient.

[0021] The stud replacement kit of the present invention operates by supplying force to the inside portion of a damaged stud and pushing that stud forward and out of the wheel. The kit of the present invention comprises a pressure tool that supplies force to a stud. This pressure tool fits around the wheel, damaged stud, and a spacer that fits between the front of the wheel and the pressure tool. This spacer serves primarily to catch the stud once removed. In operation, the broken or damaged stud is removed by placing the pressure tool and spacer around the stud to be replaced. A stud screw mechanism in the pressure tool is rotated to cause the tool to apply force to the stud primarily on the backside of the wheel. This force is increased until it overcomes the force that holds the stud in the wheel. At this point, the force of the pressure tool on the stud causes the stud to move in the desired direction for removal.

[0022] To install a new stud, the spacer is removed a force is applied directly to the stud on the front side of the wheel. This force causes the stud to move forward into the stud slot in the wheel.

[0023] The size of the tool components can be varied depending in the difficulty of the stud being replaced without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024]FIG. 1 is a general view of the removal implementation of the kit of the present invention.

[0025]FIG. 2 is a general view of the installation implementation of the present invention.

[0026]FIG. 3 is a general view of an alternate stud removal implementation.

[0027]FIG. 4 is a general view of a removal concept of the present invention.

[0028]FIG. 5 is a general view of an installation concept of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] The present invention substantially reduces the amount of time and effort required to replace a broken or damaged stud in a wheel. Referring to FIG. 1, studs 10 fit through the wheel 11 and are attached to the wheel by nuts 12. In this FIG. 1, the nuts 12 are attached to the inside/back side of the wheel. Locking grooves 13 inside the stud also hold the stud to the wheel. This wheel attaches to a hub 14. The hub is attached to the rotor 15 that fits over and is attached to the wheel axle 16. The pressure clamp 17 of the present invention comprises a driver 18 and a clamping bracket 19. The driver is a threaded rod with a flat head 20 on the inside end and a multi-sided outer end 21. This multi-sided outer can vary in shape. However, the outer end must be such that it can adequately engage a means that will be used to supply the force to turn the rod. In addition, a cap to facilitate rotation of the rod can cover each end of the rod. For example, a cap to improve the grip can be attached to the outer end 21 of the rod and a cap to expand the contact surface can be used on the flat end of the rod. This bracket has an inner side 22, an outer side 23 and a bridge 24 that connects the inner and outer sides. Each end can have an opening therein. Any opening in the inner side 22 is to allow for the wheel stud to pass through during stud installation. However, the opening on the inner side 22 is optional. The threaded rod 19 extends through the opening in the outer side 23 of the clamping bracket 19. The clamping bracket can have any general three-sided shape such as a square shape, a rectangular shape or even possibly a C-shape with one open side. The clamping bracket fits around the portion of the wheel 11 containing the broken stud. As shown, there is enough clearance between the wheel and the rotor to enable the inner side 22 of the clamping bracket to fit around the wheel. A spacer 25 fits over the front side of the broken stud 10. A flat plate 26 fits between the clamping bracket 19 and the broken stud 10 on the inside of the wheel. This plate serves to cover an opening in the inner side of the clamping bracket 19 during the stud removal operation. Another plate 27 fits between driver head 20 and the spacer 25. This plate can be attached to the head of the driver, the spacer 25 or can remain detached. The bracket must be of a size such that the inner and outer sides are far enough apart to enable the stud, wheel, spacer and plates to easily fit between the two sides of the bracket prior to removing a broken stud or installing a new stud. In this embodiment, the clamping bracket 19 has inner and outer sides 22 and 23 respectively and the bridge side 17. The bridge side is approximately 12 inches in length. However, the length should be such that the bracket will fit all vehicles of the type that will use the device. The thickness of the sides will vary depending on a desired operating pressure. The material for the bracket can be 4140 mat steel.

[0030] A stem 32 can be attached to a portion of the plate 26. The inner side 22 of the clamping bracket has an opening 31 that can serve as a receptacle for a stem 32. This stem enables the clamping bracket to hold the plate without any assistance during the stud removal operation.

[0031] During the stud removal operations, as the rod 18 turns it moves through the clamping bracket toward the spacer 25. This movement decreases the distance between the inner side 22 and the flat head 20 of the rod. As the distance decreases the pressure between the inner side and the flat head increases. If the spacer 25 is not attached to the driver head, the driver head will first contact the plate 27. As the rod moves through the outer side 23 of the clamping bracket, the outer side of the clamping bracket moves down the rod and causes the inner side of the clamping bracket to move in that same direction and toward the plate 26 and the broken stud 10. As the driver flat head contacts the spacer 25 and the plate 27, and the inner side contacts the spacer 26 and the broken stud. Pressure will build on the portion of the stud that is on the inner side of the wheel. This pressure will begin to push the stud in the direction of the spacer 25 on the outer side of the wheel. Because the spacer is hollow at the wheel, there is no pressure on the broken stud from the driver flat head. All of the pressure on the stud is from the inner side of the bracket in an outward direction. The pressure continues to increase until the pressure forces the broken stud out of the wheel and into the spacer.

[0032] Referring to FIG. 2, the installation of a new stud uses the driver head 20 and plate 27 attached to rod 18 to push a new stud into place. In this operation, the clamping bracket fits around the wheel in the location for the new stud to be installed. The end portion of a stud can be initially placed in the slot in the wheel. As the driver moves toward the stud, the plate 27 will contact the stud. Pressure from the driver forces the plate forward thereby forcing the stud into the slot. The inner portion of the bracket will initially be against the inner side of the wheel 11. As the pressure increases it will secure the inner side of the bracket against the wheel. The inner side 22 can have a complete opening 33 to allow the stud to pass through the bracket side. The opening 33 can also serve as a receptacle for the stem 32 if this bracket were used in a stud removal procedure. When the stud is forced through the slot in the wheel, care must be taken to align the stud with the opening in the inner side 22 of the bracket. The stud will protrude through wheel a desired distance depending on the size of stud. At this point the driver motion is reversed, the pressure is decreased and the pressure clamp 17 removed. A hubcap 28 can be secured over the newly installed stud.

[0033]FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention that has applications primarily in passenger cars. In this design, the clamping bracket has a two-tear bridge section 30 to accommodate other vehicle components that may be located near the wheel. These components are mainly from the braking system. The modification is necessary also because some passenger cars use a different type of stud 29 in the wheel. This stud has a flat head that secures the stud to the wheel instead of a nut. Therefore, this stud can not be removed by driving it forward and out of the wheel. This stud has to be forced out the inner side of the wheel. A spacer 25 is located on the inside of the wheel 11. As the driver 18 forces the stud out, the spacer serves to collect the stud similar to the other embodiments. In addition, because this stud has to be driven out of the wheel through the inner side, it was necessary to modify the clamping bracket to ensure that there is enough clearance between the wheel 11 and the rotor 15. For installation of this type of stud, the spacer 25 would be in contact with the outside of the wheel. The inner side 22 of the clamping bracket would supply the force to drive the new stud in an outward direction and into position in the wheel.

[0034]FIGS. 4 and 5 show an embodiment o f a stud replacement system of the present invention. In this design, one clamping bracket can used to remove and install a stud. The major key to this design is the placement of the spacer 25. As shown in FIG. 4, during the removal, the spacer is located on the outer side of the wheel 11 similar to FIG. 1. During the installation of the new stud shown in FIG. 5, the spacer is located on the inner side of the wheel similar to FIG. 3. The spacer used in this design has to be long enough to hold the entire stud during the removal. During the installation, the driver is turned such that the turning process stops when the stud has reached the desirable position.

[0035] This invention provides significant advantages over the current art. The invention has been described in connection with its preferred embodiments. However, it is not limited thereto. Changes, variations and modifications to the basic design may be made without departing from the inventive concepts in this invention. In addition, these changes, variations and modifications would be obvious to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the foregoing teachings. All such changes, variations and modifications are intended to be within the scope of this invention, which is limited only by the following claims. 

We claim:
 20. A method for replacing a wheel stud in a vehicle wheel stud in a vehicle without requiring the removal of a wheel hub from the vehicle axle comprising: positioning a device around a wheel hub of a wheel containing a broken stud; aligning the stud with the device such that a clearance space exist in the device that will allow the stud to move into the space; adjusting the device such that a pressing element of the device contacts the stud; and applying an amount of pressure to the stud to cause the stud within the wheel hub to move a desired direction and distance in the clearance space.
 21. A method for removing a wheel stud in a vehicle wheel stud in a vehicle without requiring the removal of a wheel hub from the vehicle axle comprising: positioning a device around a wheel hub of a wheel containing a broken stud; aligning the stud with the device such that a clearance space exist in the device that will allow the stud to move into the space; adjusting the device such that a pressing element of the device contacts the stud; and applying an amount of pressure to the stud to cause the stud within the wheel hub to move a desired direction and distance in the clearance space.
 22. A method for removing a wheel stud in a vehicle wheel stud in a vehicle without requiring the removal of a wheel hub from the vehicle axle comprising: positioning a device around a wheel hub of a wheel containing a broken stud; aligning the stud with the device such that a clearance space exist in the device that will allow the stud to move into the space; adjusting the device such that a pressing element of the device contacts the stud; and applying an amount of pressure to the stud to cause the stud within the wheel hub to move a desired direction and distance in the clearance space. 